With the aviation industry contributing 700 million tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, some changes have to made be going forward, making flying greener (Nair, & Paulose, 2014). Not only does the fuel need to become greener, but the engine design can also help to reduce these carbon dioxide emission. A more efficient engine, that produces less aerodynamic drag, consequently uses less fuel and therefore emits less emissions (Lin, 2013; Sarkar, 2012). Another factor to reduce emissions, is minimising the flight time between take-off and landing (Sarkar, 2012). The lesser the time the aircraft engine is running, the less emissions generated. However, the main dominator is the type of fuel being burnt such as, Jet-A or AVGAS, which is responsible for the CO2 emissions (Mrazova, 2014). Ultimately to combat this, the type of fuel needs to change to a biofuel or from a more environmentally friendly source. This has been introduced using blends of biofuel and the Jet-A fuel (Sandquist, & Guell, 2012). The blend of both is used because it resembles normal jet fuel, and therefore is permitted in the engine. (Sadnquist & Guell, 2012). By reducing the amount of fossil-fuel jet fuel used, it reduces the CO2 emissions and therefore achieving the outcome of greener flying. Moreover, some biofuels are the products of cooking oil waste which is another environmentally sustainable practice, not only for the burning of the fuel but also recycling the oil, saves the environment too (Sadnquist & Guell, 2012). However, for aviation and more specifically, flying, to become green, a lot of factors and considerations have to be addressed. This would take decades to do and it will never become green without a clean fuel. But, in order to do this, engines will have to be re-developed which would cost airlines a mass amount of money.
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